The quality of a carpet laying influences not only the room design but also carpet durability and its properties, whether they will be preserved over the whole operating period.
The choice of laying method depends on a base of a carpet, functional designation of a room, where a carpet is laid, frequency of its use and floor condition.
There are some methods of carpet laying.
- Free laying without fixation;
- Laying with use of double-sided sticky tape (Scotch tape), laid under the edges (over the room perimeter), joints and in the form of a net over the total floor area;
- Straight sticking with full fixation to the floor (mostly used in large rooms);
- Double sticking is used when a carpet is laid on the undercoat (first undercoat is glued to the floor, then a carpet is glued to it);
- Glueless method with stretching and use of undercoat.
In small rooms with an area up to 25 m2 it is possible to apply the method of laying on Scotch tape. In Europe covering on Scotch tape is mainly used in home interiors: minimal quantity of used materials, ease of change for an out-of-use carpet. This method conforms to the European trends of a carpet production, where the stress is made on the modern design, the change of which takes place every two-three years. In large rooms, especially where will be high applied loads (big group of people, furniture on wheels, etc.), a carpet should be laid over the whole area.
In the North America the requirements to the comfort of a carpet are stricter. The method of carpet covering with the usage of an undercoat used there improves the functional features of a carpet and prolongs its durability.
Stretching is a progressive type of a carpet laying, meeting the highest requirements. When laying by stretching elasticity property, characterizing all carpets, is used. During stretching carpets are laid on strips fixed along the walls with two rows of nails driven-in angularly and stretched by means of special devices. An undercoat is laid under the carpet and creates an effect of ‘softness’ of a carpet under feet increasing the effects of sound and heat insulation. Life span of a carpet, laid by the method of stretching, is essentially longer, and when laying or change of a carpet there is no necessity in preparation of a floor foundation.
At any method of laying it is necessary to take into account a pile direction, its type, a surface structure, also the sources and a light direction in the room. The latter can have a decisive importance during carpet laying with effects of shadows: multilevel, with combined sections and analogue types of a surface structure. In any case it is desirable that a carpet pile in all sections lays in one direction. If a carpet has a geometrical pattern, it is necessary to take into account symmetry and an exact repeat of a pattern.
Prior to a carpet laying the floor should be leveled beforehand. For a longer preservation of an exterior view and an increase of comfort the usage of so-called ‘undercoat’ is recommended. These additional laying increases an elasticity of carpets, and also heat- and sound insulation, prolongs a life span of a carpet minimum twice as much.
Felt, polyurethane foam, polyethylene foam and other materials can be used as an undercoat. The most important is this undercoat is very elastic. A friable undercoat will only damage a carpet within an operational process. For the definition of an undercoat elasticity it is enough just to tighten it. If it is easily tightened, it means that the material is of a low quality and it is not recommended to use it. An undercoat thickness is also important, the optimal thickness is from 0, 65 to 1 cm.
During carpet laying it’s very important to comply with the temperature interval from 15 to 25 ºC. On other use conditions it is necessary to follow recommendations from carpets and glue manufacturers.
For rooms with a heated floor the only possible method is a complete gluing. 24 hours before laying it is necessary to switch off the heating, and to switch it on again not earlier than 48 hours after laying is finished. At winter time a floor temperature to be kept in the interval of 15-18 ºC.
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